E-commerce



 Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions. Ecommerce is often used to refer to the sale of physical products online, but it can also describe any kind of commercial transaction that is facilitated through the internet.


Types of Ecommerce Models:

There are various types of ecommerce models that can describe almost every transaction that takes place between consumers and businesses.

1. Business to Consumer (B2C):

In B2C e-commerce model the transactions are between businesses and consumers. An example of such transaction is between Indian Railways and Passenger. Examples ofB2C portals include http://www.irctc.co.in, http://www.amazon.com,and http://www.tatasky.com.



2. Business to Business (B2B):

In B2B e-commerce model  the transactions are between businesses.When a business sells a good or service to another business . An example of such transaction is between wholesaler and retailer. Examples of B2B portals include http://www.infobanc.com, http://www.ask4plastic.coin, http://www .matexnet.com, ht



 



3. Consumer to Consumer (C2C):

the transactions are between consumers and consumers. An example of such .transaction is between sellers and buyers of shares. In C2C model, organizations may be present as intermediaries. 

Examples of C2C portals include http://wWw.olx.in, and http://www.quickr.com.




4. Consumer to Business (C2B):

A consumer approaches website showing multiple business organizations for a particular service. Consumer may place an estimate of amount s/he wants to spend for a particular service. Interest rates of personalloanl ·car loan provided.by various banks via website is an example. Business organization which fulfills the consumer's requirement within specified budget approaches the customer and provides its services.

Examples ofC2B portals include http://www.razerfinish.com ,http://www .reverseauction.com and http://www.priceline.com



5. Business to Government (B2G): 

B2G model  is a variant ofB2B model. websites are used by Government to trade and exchange information with various business organizations. -Such websites are accredited by the Government and provide a medium to businesses to submit applications to the Government. This type of transaction is more or less similar to B2B. 

An example ofB2G portal is http://www.lockheedmartin.com.



6.Government to Business (G2B):

Government uses G2B model  to approach business organizations. Such websites support auctions, tenders and other functionalities such as submission of application forms, etc.

An example ofG2B portal is http://www.dti.gov.uk



7. Government to Citizen (G2C):

Government uses G2C model to approach citizens in general. Such portals may support auctions of vehicles, machinery or any other material. Such portal also provides services like registration of birth, marriage or death, etc. One of the main objectives of a G2C portal is to reduce time for performing various government services. 

An example ofG2C portal is http://www.incOll1.s:1axjndia,gQv.in.




Examples of Ecommerce
Ecommerce can take on a variety of forms involving different transactional relationships between businesses and consumers, as well as different objects being exchanged as part of these transactions.

1. Retail:
The sale of a product by a business directly to a customer without any intermediary.

2. Wholesale:
The sale of products in bulk, often to a retailer that then sells them directly to consumers.

3. Dropshipping:
The sale of a product, which is manufactured and shipped to the consumer by a third party.

4. Crowdfunding:
The collection of money from consumers in advance of a product being available in order to raise the startup capital necessary to bring it to market.

5. Subscription:
The automatic recurring purchase of a product or service on a regular basis until the subscriber chooses to cancel.

6. Physical products:
Any tangible good that requires inventory to be replenished and orders to be physically shipped to customers as sales are made.

7. Digital products:
Downloadable digital goods, templates, and courses, or media that must be purchased for consumption or licensed for use.

8. Services:
A skill or set of skills provided in exchange for compensation. The service provider’s time can be purchased for a fee.